呼和浩特雅思培训学校与您分享：雅思阅读中主谓一致原则

谓语受主语支配，它必须在人称和数等方面与谓语保持一致。

I 语法形式上一致

(1)单数的名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

What I  hate most is telling lies．

To become a doctor is his ambition．

Whether she comes or not is of no matter·

[注]“what”引导的从句作主语，如果它后面的表语是复数形式，谓语动词亦可以用复数。

What I said is right.

What we need badly here are doctors．

(2)由"and"连接并列主语时：

1)一般情况下谓语用复数。

What she says and what she does don’t agree·

Swimming in the summer and skating in the winter are my hobbies

In the city are to be found both the most renowned scholar and the scoundrels(无赖)

(2)并列的主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，而且“and”后面的名词前没有冠词或物主代词修饰。

My house and home is at 1707 Maryland drive.

Bread and butter is daily food for breakfast.

Her best friend and adviser has changed her idea again.

The Air-Marshal and Chief-of-Staff was killed in the air crash.

表示同一概念的类似短语有：

a block and tackle(滑轮组)；the needle and thread(针线)；brandy and soda(掺苏列日兰地)；sale and water(盐水)；law and order(法律秩序)；a cup and saucer(茶杯碟子); the ebb and flow (盛衰； 涨落)； the rope and pulley (滑轮绳索)

watch and chain(有表链的手表)；soap and water(肥皂水)；etc。

There is my watch and chain on the dressing-table.

[注]若“and”后面的名词前有冠词或物主代词修饰，谓语动词用复数形似。

The bread and the butter are on sale．

My watch and my pen were stolen yesterday.

My friend and the classmate Jane are in the classroom.

3) 由“and”连接的并列单数主语前有“each, every, no , many a ”等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Many a boy and many a girl in the class has seen this film.

No teacher and no student is present.

Every man, woman, and child in this community is aware of the terrible consequences of the habit of smoking.

[注]复数主语后面加上"each"，谓语用复数。

The girls each have their own mothers.

The old worker and the young each have their own tools.

4)"and"后面加上"not"，谓语用单数。

The farmer and not the city dweller is hurt when food prices fall．

Mr．Brown，and not I，is chosen to be the representative of the company．

It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive．

5)注意在某些成语里的主谓一致：

Time and tide wait for no man．(岁月不留人。)

Truth and honesty is the best policy．(诚实为上策。)

Gossiping and lying go together．(流言离不开说谎。)

Joy and sorrow are next-door neighbors．(乐极生悲。)

Trial and error is the source of our knowledge．(尝试和失败同是学识之源。)

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy，wealthy and wise．

(3)单数主语+以下短语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

这些短语为："as well as；no less than；rather than；more than；but；except；besides；with；along with；together with；like；including；in addition to；accompanied by；as much as；etc．”

A mother as well as her children is getting on a bus．

His sister no less than you is clever．(跟你一样，他的妹妹很聪明。)

The manage，rather than the clerks，is responsible for this matter．

Mary，along with her manager and some friends，is going to a party tonight．

In order to grow well，the Blue Spruce，like other pine trees，requires a temperate climate．

(4)不定代词“either, neither，each，one，the other，another，anybody-anyone-anything，somebody，someone，something，everybody，everyone，everything，nobody(but)，no one(but)，nothing"等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式

Neither of us has anything to say．

Something has gone wrong with the bike．

Nobody but he is so selfish．(除他之外，谁也不是这样自私。)

No one but fools has ever believed it．(除了傻瓜，谁也不会相信它。)

It may be said that in some countries—each of the citizens helps to decide government policy．

(5)由关系代词"who，that，which"引导的定语从句中的主谓一致

Those of us who smoke should have our lungs X-rayed regularly．

One of the books which are written by him is very popular．

Ⅱ．主谓就近一致

谓语动词的人称和数与较近的主语保持一致。

(1)倒装句的主谓就近一致：

Where is your father and younger brothers?

In the distance was heard the applause of the people，the shouts and clapping of hands．

Never before have so many people been there．

(2)由连词"or，either… or ，neither…nor，whether or，not only…but also，nor"等连接的两个名词，其谓语要与毗邻较近的主语在数上保持一致。

Neither he nor I have changed．

What he does or what he says makes me angry．